|
Peabody is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 51,251. Peabody is located in the North Shore region of Massachusetts. == History == First known as the Northfields, "the Farms", and Brooksby, the area was settled about 1626 within Salem, which had itself been founded in 1626 and incorporated in 1629. In 1752, the area was set off from Salem and incorporated as part of Danvers. It was usually referred to as "the South Parish", associated with the church located in the center (now Peabody Square). In 1855, the community broke away from Danvers to become the town of South Danvers, incorporated that May 18. The name was changed on April 30, 1868, to Peabody after George Peabody, a noted philanthropist. It would be incorporated as a city in 1916. Giles Corey, the only person pressed to death by stones in the Salem witch hysteria of 1692, had his farm and was buried here beside his wife next to Crystal Lake. The town began as a farming community, but its streams attracted mills which operated by water power. In particular, Peabody was a major center of New England's leather industry, which attracted immigrants from all around the world. By 1915, a third of the population was foreign-born. In addition to becoming home to large Irish and Russian populations, Peabody notably developed a large community of laborers hailing from the Ottoman Empire, mostly Turkish- and Kurdish-speakers from the region of Harput (now known as Elazığ).〔 The population was situated primarily on Walnut Street, where they filled boarding houses and coffee houses to such an extent that it became known as "Ottoman Street," and, more pejoratively and less accurately, "Peabody's Barbary Coast."〔 One visitor even noted that signs in town were written in both English and Ottoman Turkish.〔 On the morning of October 28, 1915, 21 young girls lost their lives in a fire at the St. John's School on Chestnut Street in the downtown area. The 21 girls who were trapped were found after the fire subsided, huddled together and burnt beyond recognition, on the other side of the entrance - just steps away from survival. All the teachers escaped with their lives. The students' deaths were privately mourned in Peabody and were rarely mentioned, as many tried to forget the tragedy. Because of this, Peabody became the first city to make a law that said all doors must push out.〔(Gendisasters.com )〕〔(NFPA.org )〕 The tanneries that helped create Peabody's "Ottoman Street" remained a linchpin of the city's economy into the second half of the 20th century. The tanneries have since closed, but the city remains known locally as the Leather City or Tanner City, and its high school sports teams are nicknamed the Tanners which continues to be the mascot today. The loss of the tanneries was a blow to Peabody's economy, but the city has made up for the erosion of its industrial base, at least in part, through other forms of economic development. Early in the 20th century, it joined the automobile revolution, hosting the pioneer Brass Era company the Corwin Manufacturing Company.〔Clymer, Floyd. ''Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877-1925'' (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p.158.〕 The Northshore Mall, originally the Northshore Shopping Center, is one of the region's largest malls. It opened in 1958 and is now the city's largest taxpayer. Centennial Park,〔(Peabody-works.com )〕 an industrial park in the center of the city, has attracted several medical and technology companies. Meanwhile, West Peabody, which was mostly farmland as recently as the 1950s, has been developed into a middle-to-upper class residential area. Brooksby Farm,〔(Essexheritage.org )〕 a historic farm managed by the City of Peabody, is a working farm and conservation area that has been one of the city's most popular destinations for decades. Peabody is the location of the Salem Country Club, a private country club with a professional golf course. In the past, the club has hosted the U.S. Senior Open in 2001 and the U.S. Women's Open in 1954 and 1984. Image:City Hall, Peabody, MA.jpg|City Hall in 1912 Image:Peabody Square, Peabody, MA.jpg|Peabody Square c. 1906 Image:Peabody Institute, Peabody, MA.jpg|Peabody Institute Library c. 1912 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peabody, Massachusetts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|